HISTORY




Ancient History 


Egypt has one of the longest histories of any present state. Its monuments, such as the Giza pyramid complex is constructed by its ancient civilization, the most advanced civilization of its time [4]. 







Modern History
 
Egyptian Republic was declared on 18 June 1953, with Muhammad Naguib as the first President. Gamal Abdel Nasser assumed power as President in June 1956 and after his death, he was succeeded by Anwar Sadat in 1970. Sadat switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States in 1972. After Sadat’s visit to Israel in 1977, a peace treaty in exchange for Israeli withdrawal from Sinai took place in 1979. Hosni Mubarak took power after the assassination of Sadat [5]. Mubarak announced a reform of the presidential election law on 2005 so that multi-candidate can run for office for the first time. However, the new law employed restrictions on the candidates, and led to his easy reelection victory.